Nitrobenzene is prepared by nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. This mixture is sometimes called “mixed acid.” The production of nitrobenzene is one of the most dangerous processes conducted in the chemical industry because of the exothermicity of the reaction.

Neomycin is an aminoglycoside broad spectrum antibiotic effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. It interferes with protein synthesis in sensitive bacterial cells such as species of Proteus and Staphylococcus.

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence. It is marketed in generic form as its hydrochloride salt, naltrexone hydrochloride, and marketed under the trade names Revia and Depade. Naltrexone and its active metabolite 6-β-naltrexol are competitive antagonists at μ- and kappa-opioid receptors, and to a […]

Amitriptyline is in a class of drugscalled tricyclic antidepressants. Amitriptyline is used to relieve symptomsof depression and also sometimes to treat certain types of pain.

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic most often used for treating severe, nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections with multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.

Dihydrotestosterone is a hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics (an androgen). It is made through conversion of the more commonly known androgen, testosterone. Almost 10% of the testosterone produced by an adult each day is converted by the testes and prostate (in men), the ovaries (in women), the skin and other parts of […]

Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata. Digoxigenin is chemically closely related to Digoxin, the cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of various heart diseases. The term genin at the end of Digoxigenin, refers to only the aglycone portion (without the sugar) […]

Nalidixic acid (tradenames Nevigramon, Neggram, Wintomylon and WIN 18,320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics. In the technical sense, it is a naphthyridone, not a quinolone: its ring structure is a 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus that contains two nitrogen atoms, unlike quinoline, which has a single nitrogen atom.

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. Morphine is the most abundant alkaloid found in opium. In clinical medicine, morphine is regarded as the gold standard, or benchmark, of analgesics used to relieve severe or agonizing pain and suffering.

Albendazole, marketed as Albenza (United States), Eskazole, Zentel, Andazol, and Alworm, is a benzimidazole drug used for the treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infestations. It is marketed in the U.S. by Amedra Pharmaceuticals, and by GlaxoSmithKline in international markets. Albendazole was first discovered at the SmithKline Animal Health Laboratories in 1972. It is […]