Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat infections caused by many different types of bacteria. Gentamycin is usually administered by intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection.

Cloxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin was discovered and developed by Beecham. It is sold under a number of trade names, including Cloxapen, Cloxacap, Tegopen and Orbenin.

Ceftazidime (INN) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike most third-generation agents, it is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however it has weaker activity against Gram-positive microorganisms and is not used for such infections. Ceftazidime pentahydrate is marketed under various trade names including […]

Cefalexin (INN) or more commonly cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic introduced in 1967 by Eli Lilly and Company. It is an orally administered agent with a similar antimicrobial spectrum to the intravenous agents cefalotin and cefazolin. It was first marketed as Keflex (Lilly), and is marketed under several other trade names. As of 2008, […]

In organic chemistry tyramine (4-hydroxy-phenethylamine, para-tryamine, p-tyramine) is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine occurs widely in plants and animals and is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish, […]

Oxidopamine is a neurotoxin used by researchers to selectively kill dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. 6-OHDA enters the neurons via the dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake transporters. Oxidopamine is often used in conjunction with a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (such as desipramine) to selectively kill dopaminergic neurons only. The reverse is also possible, however it is […]

Ornithine is an amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle. Ornithine is abnormally accumulated in the body in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

Octopamine (β,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an endogenous biogenic amine that is closely related to norepinephrine, and has effects on the adrenergic and dopaminergic systems. It is also found naturally in numerous plants, including bitter orange. Biosynthesis of the D-(–)-enantiomer of octopamine is by β-hydroxylation of tyramine via the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase. Under the trade names Epirenor, Norden, […]

Noradrenaline (NA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter at postganglionic sympathetic fibres, produced following a series of steps from the essential amino acid phenylalanine. Terminal postganglionic sympathetic fibres have varicosities (where NA is synthesised and stored) which form synapses with the effector organ. The adrenal medulla is a major source of catecholamines (such as NA and adrenaline), […]