(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-Malic acid) is a naturally occurring isomer of malic acid, found mainly in sour and unripe fruits.

D-Fructose-1,6-diphosphate trisodium salt octahydrate (FBP trisodium salt octahydrate), a common metabolic sugar, is the precursor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the glycolytic pathway.

Chlorhexidine diacetate (Hibitane diacetate) is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

3-Methylbutanoic acid (Isovaleric acid, Delphinic acid, 3-Methylbutyric acid, Isopentanoic acid, β-methylbutyric acid) is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. It has a strong pungent cheesy or sweaty smell, but its volatile esters have pleasing scents and are used widely in perfumery.

Tricarballylic acid (β-Carboxyglutaric acid, Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid) is an inhibitor of aconitase and therefore interferes with the Krebs cycle.

6-Hydroxynicotinic acid is widely used in the manufacture of industrial products.

Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB, TEA bromide) is used as the source of tetraethylammonium ions in pharmacological and physiological studies, but is also used in organic chemical synthesis. It blocks selective potassium channels.

2-Aminoisobutyric acid (NSC-16590, 2-Methylalanine, H-Aib-OH) is a rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin.

(S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (L-(-)-3-Phenyllactic acid, (2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid) is a valuable building block in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry—has recently emerged as an important monomer in the composition of the novel degradable biocompatible material of polyphenyllactic acid.

Glycolic acid (dicarbonous acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroacetic acid) is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid. Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, glycolic acid is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel. Glycolic acid is an inhibitor of tyrosinase, suppressing melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.