Anti-cancer compound. Interferes with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle (cyclin D1 and cyclin E), apoptosis (activation of caspases and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR and AP-1), survival (PI3K/AKT pathway), invasion (MMP-9 and adhesion molecules), angiogenesis (VEGF), metastasis (CXCR-4) and inflammation (NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX). Anti-angiogenic. Anti-metastatic. Anti-invasive. Chemopreventive. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway modulator. Downregulates Shh and Gli1. Antioxidant. Anti-inflammatory. Potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOSII). Downregulates the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and chemokines. Potent immunomodulator. Modulates several key transcription factors. Down-regulate transcription factors NF-kappaB, AP-1 and Egr-1. Down-regulates the expression of COX-2, LOX, NOS, MMP-9, uPA, TNF, chemokines, cell surface adhesion molecules and cyclin D1. Down-regulate growth factor receptors (such as EGFR and HER2) and inhibits the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, protein tyrosine kinases and protein serine/threonine kinases. Neuroprotective. Anti-amyloid activity. Cardioprotective. p300/CBP-HAT inhibitor. Regulates lipid metabolism and downregulates obesity. Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and Nrf2 cell-signaling pathways. Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal. Epigenetic agent. Interacts with histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone acetyltransferases (HATs), DNA methyltransferase I and microRNAs. Inducer of autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells.