Cell permeable, competitive, non-specific cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Increases cAMP levels that activate PKA, leading to decreased proliferation, increased differentiation and induction of apoptosis. Enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Inhibits Ca2+ ion channels. Activates TNF-alpha. Adipogenic. Activates leukotriene synthesis. Reduces inflammation and innate immunity.