Antibiotic. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunosuppressive compound. Shown to have hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activity. Apoptosis inducer in cancer cells. Sensitizes cancer cells. Induces cell cycle arrest. Antiviral agent. Inhibited influenza A viral infection and growth through activation of Nrf2. Inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB1B). Antioxidant. Inhibitor of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) expression via inactivation of NF-kappaB. DNA polymerase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor. Anti-aging compound with retinol-like effects on gene expression and properties of the skin. Phospholipase A, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and HIF-1 inhibitor.