Natural breakdown product of glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables. Widely used multifunctional aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. AhR is emerging as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in various immune cell types, including lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Studies have associated overexpression of AHR with the activation of cancer processes such as proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA damage, inflammation, migration and angiogenesis. Used to increase the population of innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3) in gut microbiota. Chemopreventive agent that has multiple anticarcinogenic and antitumor properties and suppresses the proliferation of selective cancer cells, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer and leukemic cells. Protects against nephrotoxicity. Proapoptotic. Induces cell cycle arrest at G1 and downregulates cell cycle-related proteins (CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and pRb). Inhibits telomerase activity. SIRT1 activator. Antiobesity agent through inhibition of adipogenesis in adipocytes. Shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects.