Antibiotic. Antiprotozoal. Antimicrobial. Cytotoxic and genotoxic in various mammalian cells. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) activator. Apoptosis inducer. ERK and JNK signaling pathways activator. Nephrotoxic mycotoxin. Suppresses NO and iNOS expression via inhibition of the JAK/STAT-1alpha and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Tubulin polymerization and mitotic spindle assembly inhibitor. Increases reactive oxygen species (ROS). Induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M phase.