TAFA2 also named FAM19A2, is a secreted, 11 kDa member of the FAM19/TAFA family of chemokine-like proteins. It is synthesized as a 131 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 30 aa signal sequence and a 101 aa mature chain. Like other members of the FAM19/TAFA family, with the exception of TAFA5, mature TAFA1 contains 10 regularly spaced cysteine residues that follow the pattern CX7CCX13CXCX14CX11CX4CX5CX10C, where C represents a conserved cysteine residue and X represents any noncysteine amino acid. Human TAFA2 is 97% aa identical to mouse TAFA2. The biological functions of TAFA family members remain to be determined, but there are a few tentative hypotheses. First, TAFAs may modulate immune responses in the CNS by functioning as brain-specific chemokines, and may act with other chemokines to optimize the recruitment and activity of immune cells in the CNS. Second, TAFAs may represent a novel class of neurokines that act as regulators of immune nervous cells. Finally, TAFAs may control axonal sprouting following brain injury.