CXCL1, also known as KC, is belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is encoded by the GRO gene now designated CXCL1. Mature mouse CXCL1 shares 64% and 92% aa sequence identity with human and rat CXCL1, respectively. The CXC chemokine, CXCL1 (melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein alpha), plays a major role in inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. The melanoma growth stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein, CXCL1, is constitutively expressed at high levels during inflammation and progression of melanocytes into malignant melanoma. CXCL1 was found to be involved in monocyte arrest on atherosclerotic endothelium and may also play a pathophysiological role in Alzheimer’s disease.