Talnetant (SB 223412) is a selective, competitive, brain-permeable NK3 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.4 nM in hNK-3-CHO cells. Talnetant is 100-fold more selective for hNK-3 relative to the hNK-2 receptor and has no affinity for hNK-1. Talnetant can be used in schizophrenia-related studies.

Talampanel (LY300164) is an orally and selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor antagonis with anti-seizure activity. Talampanel (IVAX) has neuroprotective effects in rodent stroke models. Talampanel attenuates caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in mouse brain.

C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.

Rilapladib (SB 659032) is a selective Lp-PLA2 (lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 230 pM. Rilapladib (SB 659032) is also a PAFR (Platelet Activating Factor Receptor) antagonist.

Sertindole (Lu 23-174) is an orally active 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, dopamine D2, and αl-adrenergic receptors antagonist. Sertindole shows antipsychotic activity and anti-proliferative activity to multiple cancer cells.

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a synthetic glycolipid with antitumorial and immunostimulatory. α-Galactosylceramide is a very potent NKT cell agonist and binds effectively to CD1d. The complex of α-Galactosylceramide plus CD1d binds the NKT cell TCR (T cell antigen receptor).

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Kainic acid (algakaininso) is a potent neuroexcitatory compound derived from the red alga Digenea simplex, which acts as an agonist for AMPA/kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. It induces excitotoxicity by promoting excessive Ca²⁺ influx, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and selective neuronal death.