Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the apical membrane sodium chloride cotransporter in the distal and collecting duct nephron segments. Diuretics, including HCTZ, have been abused as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sports doping.

Ibuprofen from the now-outdated nomenclature iso-butyl-propanoic-phenolic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for relief of symptoms of arthritis, fever, as an analgesic (pain reliever), especially where there is an inflammatory component, and dysmenorrhea. Ibuprofen is known to have an antiplatelet effect, though it is relatively mild and short-lived when compared with aspirin or […]

Indigo carmine is an organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow. It has a role as a food colouring, a histological dye and a two-colour indicator. It contains an indigo carmine(2-).

Indomethacin is a synthetic nonsteroidal indole derivative with anti-inflammatory activity and chemopreventive properties. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indomethacin inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thereby preventing cyclooxygenase-mediated DNA adduct formation by heterocyclic aromatic amines. This agent also may inhibit the expression of multidrug-resistant protein type 1, resulting in increased efficacies of some antineoplastic agents in […]

Sorbic acid is a hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring. It is a hexadienoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a medium-chain fatty acid and an alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a sorbate.

Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Streptomycin is an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered, and it was the first cure for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. Streptomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic. Adverse effects of this medicine are ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, fetal auditory toxicity, and neuromuscular paralysis.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the apical membrane sodium chloride cotransporter in the distal and collecting duct nephron segments. Diuretics, including HCTZ, have been abused as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sports doping.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits the apical membrane sodium chloride cotransporter in the distal and collecting duct nephron segments. Diuretics, including HCTZ, have been abused as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sports doping.

Medroxyprogesterone is a progesterone receptor agonist (Ki= 241 nM) and a metabolite of medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate. It induces a conformational change in the C-terminal domain of the progesterone receptor (EC50 = 47.3 nM) and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in T47D breast cancer cells (EC50 = 23 nM).