Gastric mucin is a large glycoprotein which is thought to play a major role in the protection of the gastrointestinal tract from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma.

CGP-42112 (CGP-42112A) is a potent Angiotensin-II subtype 2 receptor(AT2 R) agonist.

5-TAMRA can produce bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (excitation and emission extremes of 546/579) and has good photostability.

Mal-β-CD is a cellular cholesterol modifier which can form soluble inclusion complex with cholesterol.

Protease-Activated Receptor-2, amide (SLIGKV-NH2) is a highly potent protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activating peptide.

Osteogenic Growth Peptide, OGP is a short, naturally occurring 14-mer growth factor peptide found in serum at μM concentrations.

HCGRP-(8-37) is a human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) fragment and also an antagonist of CGRP receptor.

Meldonium (MET-88) dihydrate functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Mildronate dihydrate exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium dihydrate is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor.

L-Homocysteine, an amino acid, is a homocysteine that has L configuration. Homocysteine is an essential intermediate in normal mammalian metabolism of methionine. L-Homocysteine induces upregulation of Cathepsin V that mediates vascular endothelial inflammation in hyperhomocysteinaemia.

5-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes.