Also known as thiamine, vitamin B1 plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble and cannot be stored in the body; however, […]

Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressant medication and natural product. It is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, nephrotic syndrome, and in organ transplants to prevent rejection.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones. When used as a medication, it is known as hydrocortisone. It is produced in many animals, mainly by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is produced in other tissues in lower quantities.

Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. It is of minor importance in humans, except in the very rare case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the brain.

Egg allergy accounts for one of the most prevalent food hypersensitivities in industrialized countries. The majority of the relevant egg allergens have been identified in the egg white: ovomucoid (Gal d 1), a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor; ovoalbumin (Gal d 2), a serine protease inhibitor; ovotransferrin (Gal d 3); and the egg lysozyme (Gal d […]

Milk is one of the first food components introduced into the diet and therefore represents one of the most important food allergen sources in terms of frequency and severity of allergic manifestations. The symptoms of cow’s milk allergy are due to IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils as well as to activation of allergen-specific […]

Vitamin C (L ascorbic acid and its reduced form, dehydroascorbic acid) is a water-soluble nutrient and vitamin essential for life and for maintaining optimal health.

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar; fat-soluble vitamins the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation that the body needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. The vitamin K-related modification of the proteins allows them to bind calcium ions; which they […]

Alpha-Tocopherol is the orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell […]