Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a secreted glycoprotein that belongs to the alpha -helical group of cytokines . Unlike other family members, it is present as a covalently linked antiparallel dimer. The cDNA for human IL-5 encodes a signal peptide and a 115 amino acid mature protein. Mature human IL-5 shares 70%, 70%, 62%, 71%, 70% and […]

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), also known as B cell-stimulatory factor-1, is a monomeric, approximately 13 kDa-18 kDa Th2 cytokine that shows pleiotropic effects during immune responses. It is a glycosylated polypeptide that contains three intrachain disulfide bridges and adopts a bundled four alpha -helix structure. Rhesus IL-4 is synthesized with a 24 amino acid (aa) signal sequence. […]

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), also known as B cell-stimulatory factor-1, is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells and produced by by mast cells, activated T cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Mature human IL-4 shares 55%, 39% and 43% aa sequence identity with bovine, mouse, and rat […]

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), also known as B cell-stimulatory factor-1, is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells and produced by by mast cells, activated T cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Mature human IL-4 shares 55%, 39% and 43% aa sequence identity with bovine, mouse, and rat […]

IL-3 is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes the survival, differentiation and proliferation of committed progenitor cells of the megakaryocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, eosinophil, basophil and mast cell lineages. Produced by T cells, mast cells and eosinophils, IL-3 enhances thrombopoiesis, phagocytosis, and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Its ability to activate monocytes suggests that IL-3 may have additional […]

Interleukin-4 (IL-4), also known as B cell-stimulatory factor-1, is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells and produced by by mast cells, activated T cells and bone marrow stromal cells. Mature human IL-4 shares 55%, 39% and 43% aa sequence identity with bovine, mouse, and rat […]

Interleukin 3 is a pleiotropic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation. At the amino acid sequence level, mature human and murine IL-3 share only 29% sequence identity. Consistent with this lack of homology, IL-3 activity is highly species-specific and human IL-3 does not show activity on murine cells. Cytokines […]

Interleukin 3 is a pleiotropic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation. At the amino acid sequence level, mature human and mouse IL-3 share only 29% sequence identity. Consistent with this lack of homology, IL-3 activity is highly species-specific and human IL-3 does not show activity on murine cells. Cytokines […]

Interleukin-3 is a pleiotrophic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells as well as various lineage committed progenitors. IL-3 exerts its biological activities via a heterodimeric receptor composed of an IL-3 specific alpha chain and common beta chain that is shared with the […]

Interleukin 2 was initially identified as a T cell growth factor that is produced by T cells following activation by mitogens or antigens. Since then, it has been shown that in addition to its T cell growth factor activity, IL-2 can also stimulate the growth and differentiation of B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocyte […]