Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) belong to the TNF superfamily, and are type I and type II transmembrane proteins, respectively. Binding of FasL to Fas triggers apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. The mechanism of apoptosis involves recruitment of pro-caspase 8 through an adaptor molecule called FADD, followed by processing of the pro-enzyme into active forms. These […]

TRAIL Receptor-1/DR4 and TRAIL Receptor-2/DR5 belong to the TNFR superfamily of transmembrane proteins, and contain a cytoplasmic “death domain,” which can activate the cell’s apoptotic machinery. These receptors are activated by binding to either membrane-anchored or soluble TRAIL/Apo2L. The DR4 and DR5 receptors are both produced as type I transmembrane proteins, which contain an extracellular […]

TNF RII (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II), also known as TNFRSF1B, p75/p80, and CD120b, is a widely expressed receptor for membrane-associated TNF-alpha and Lymphotoxin-alpha. Its activation initiates pro-inflammatory and pro-survival responses via NFkB-dependent signaling pathways, although it may also induce apoptosis.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II (TNF RII), also known as TNFRSF1B, p75/p80, and CD120b, is a type I transmembrane protein that belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily. It has a molecular weight of approximately 75 kDa. The TNF receptor superfamily is comprised of structurally related receptors that bind to TNF-related ligands and regulate numerous processes […]

TNF receptor 1 (TNF RI; also called TNF R-p55/p60 and TNFRSF1A) is a 55 kDa type I transmembrane protein member of the TNF receptor superfamily, designated TNFRSF1A. Mouse TNF RI is a 454 amino acid (aa) protein that contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 191 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with a PLAD (pre-ligand assembly […]

TNF receptor 1 (TNF RI; also called TNF R-p55/p60 and TNFRSF1A) is a 55 kDa type I transmembrane protein member of the TNF receptor superfamily, designated TNFRSF1A. Human TNF RI is a 455 amino acid (aa) protein that contains a 21 aa signal sequence and 190 aa ECD with a PLAD (pre-ligand assembly domain) that […]

TL-1A belongs to the TNF superfamily of ligands. It is expressed predominantly in endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent in the placenta, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle, pancreas, small intestine and colon. TL-1A inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

AITRL, a member of the TNF superfamily, is expressed in endothelial cells, and signals through the AITR receptor. AITRL regulates T cell proliferation and survival, and effectuates the interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The AITRL gene codes for a type II transmembrane protein comprised of 177 amino acids, including a 28 amino acid […]

APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), also known as TNFSF13, TALL2, TRDL1, and CD256, is a member of the TNF ligand superfamily. It is synthesized as a 32 kDa proprotein which is cleaved by furin in the Golgi to release the active 17 kDa soluble molecule. Secreted human APRIL, which consists almost entirely of a single TNF […]

The human BAFF protein, or B-cell activating factor, is a crucial cytokine that plays a significant role in regulating the immune system and promoting B-cell survival and maturation. BAFF is primarily produced by immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It binds to specific receptors on B cells, allowing their development and preventing apoptosis […]