Nerve growth factor (NGF) was composed of three non-covalently linked subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma. The human protein shares approximately 90% homology at the amino acid level with both the mouse and rat beta -NGF and exhibits cross-species activity. NGF is a well-characterized neurotropic protein that plays a critical role in the development of sympathetic […]

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the cytokine family which also includes IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It was originally isolated based on its ability to induce cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. CT-1 has since been shown to be a pleiotrophic cytokine with overlapping actions with […]

BDNF, short for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, is a protein that a crucial role in the growth, development, and survival of neurons in the brain. It is primarily produced in the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain regions of the brain. BDNF is a vital protein in the brain that supports neuronal growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity.

BAFF Receptor (BAFFR), a member of the TNFR superfamily, is highly expressed in the spleen, lymph nodes, and resting B cells, and to some extent in activated B cells, resting CD4+ cells and peripheral blood leukocytes. BAFFR is a type III transmembrane protein that binds with high specificity to BAFF (TNFSF13B). BAFFR/BAFF signaling plays a […]

HVEM belongs to the TNF Receptor superfamily of transmembrane proteins, and plays a role in the activation of T-cells and other lymphocytes. It is expressed in various cells and tissues, including spleen, thymus, lung, macrophages, and T-cells. HVEM activation induces a signaling cascade that results in the induction of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. LIGHT […]

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17 (TNFRSF17), also known as B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) or CD269 antigen, is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. It is a type III membrane protein containing one extracellular cysteine rich domain. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B […]

TWEAKR belongs to the TNF family of transmembrane proteins, and contains a cytoplasmic “death domain”, which can activate a cell’s apoptotic machinery. It is expressed in the spleen, thymus, peripheral blood lymphocytes, colon, and small intestine. Signal transduction by TWEAKR can be activated by either membrane-anchored or soluble TWEAK. Recombinant Human soluble TWEAKR is a […]

Recombinant Human sRANK Receptor is a 19.3 kDa polypeptide containing the TNFR-homologous, cysteine-rich portion of the extracellular domain of RANK receptor (175 amino acid residues). RANKL and RANK are members of the TNF superfamily of ligands and receptors that play an important role in the regulation of specific immunity and bone turnover. RANK (receptor) was […]

TACI, a member of the TNF Receptor superfamily, is expressed in the small intestine, spleen, thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, activated T cells, and resting B cells. TACI can bind to both APRIL and BAFF, stimulate the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, and can mediate the calcineurin-dependent activation of NF-AT (nuclear-factor of activated T […]

Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) belong to the TNF superfamily, and are type I and type II transmembrane proteins, respectively. Binding of FasL to Fas triggers apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. The mechanism of apoptosis involves recruitment of pro-caspase 8 through an adaptor molecule called FADD, followed by processing of the pro-enzyme into active forms. These […]