Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34 kDa glycoprotein hormone in the type I cytokine family and is related to thrombopoietin. Its three N-glycosylation sites, four alpha helices, and N- to C-terminal disulfide bond are conserved across species. Glycosylation of the EPO protein is required for biological activities in vivo . The mature human EPO protein shares […]

PTHrP, also named parathyroid hormone-related protein, is belonging to the parathyroid hormone family. PTHrP is expressed in cancer cells (breast cancer, certain types of lung cancer including squamous cell lung carcinoma). The receptor for PTHrP is PTHR1. PTHrP plays a central role in regulating the hypercalcemia. Recombinant human PTHrP is a 9.9 kDa linear polypeptide […]

PTH (parathyroid hormone) is a critical hormone in the regulation of Ca++ homeostasis. PTH is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide. PTH secretion is enhanced by low Ca++ concentrations and inhibited by FGF-23. In normal human plasma, PTH correlates negatively with active Vitamin D and positively with ionized calcium. […]

Thrombopoietin (TPO), is a key regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The 353 amino acid (aa) human TPO precursor is cleaved to yield the 332 aa mature protein. Mature human TPO shares approximately 70% aa sequence homology with mouse and rat TPO. TPO and its receptor (c-Mpl) are the major regulators of megakaryocyte and platelet production […]

Thrombopoietin (TPO), is a key regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. The 353 amino acid (aa) human TPO precursor is cleaved to yield the 332 aa mature protein. Mature human TPO shares approximately 70% aa sequence homology with mouse and rat TPO. TPO and its receptor (c-Mpl) are the major regulators of megakaryocyte and platelet production […]

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a member of a family of growth factors that includes prolactin, placental lactogens, proliferins, and somatolactin. It is synthesized primarily by somatotropes in the anterior pituitary and is stored in secretary granules. The pulsatile release of GH into circulation is regulated by the concerted actions of the […]

Stem Cell Factor (SCF) which binds to the c-Kit receptor is produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The soluble and transmembrane forms of the protein are formed by alternative splicing of the same RNA transcript and the presence of both soluble and transmembrane SCF is required for normal hematopoietic function. SCF plays an important role […]

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in embryonic tissues that are critical for the patterning of the developing central nervous system, somite, and limb. Shh-N is highly conserved, sharing >98% aa identity between mouse, human, rat, canine, porcine, and chicken Shh-N. The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays an essential role in metazoan development, and […]

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in embryonic tissues that are critical for the patterning of the developing central nervous system, somite, and limb. Shh-N is highly conserved, sharing >98% aa identity between mouse, human, rat, canine, porcine, and chicken Shh-N. The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays an essential role in metazoan development, and […]

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a potent hematopoietic growth factor required in regulating both embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Mature stem cell factor consists of a 189 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 23 aa transmembrane domain, and a 36 aa cytoplasmic tail. Human SCF protein shares 79% 87% aa sequence identity with dog, cat, […]