Venom protein that mimics the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion, protects against beta-cell apoptosis in response to different insults, and promotes beta-cell proliferation. It also promotes satiety, reduces food intake, reduces fat deposition, reduces body weight and inhibits gastric emptying. Interacts with GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R). Induces hypotension that […]

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) refers to a protein purified from the Victorian jellyfish that displays green fluorescence when excited by short-wave light (blue to ultraviolet). Although wild-type GFP exists, many GFP mutants have been adapted for broader research uses. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be genetically modified to form fusion proteins with a number of […]

The large envelope protein exists in two topological conformations, one which is termed ‘external’ or Le-HBsAg and the other ‘internal’ or Li-HBsAg. In its external conformation the protein attaches the virus to cell receptors and thereby initiating infection. This interaction determines the species specificity and liver tropism. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through caveolin-mediated […]

The large envelope protein exists in two topological conformations, one which is termed ‘external’ or Le-HBsAg and the other ‘internal’ or Li-HBsAg. In its external conformation the protein attaches the virus to cell receptors and thereby initiating infection. This interaction determines the species specificity and liver tropism. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through caveolin-mediated […]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen, causing serious liver disease. The HBV surface protein antigens (HBsAg) are comprised of three carboxyl co terminal HBs proteins termed large (LHBs), middle (MHBs) and small (SHBs, also called major) protein. LHBs and MHBs also share the highly hydrophobic, repetitive, membrane spanning S domain. In addition, LHBs […]

The role of flagella and motility in the attachment of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to various surfaces is mixed with some systems requiring flagella for an interaction and others needing only motility for cells to get to the surface. In nature this bacterium is a saprophyte and contaminated produce is an avenue for infection. […]

Uteroglobin (UG), also known as Secretoglobin 1A member 1 (SCGB1A1), Blastokinin, Clara cell secretor protein (CCSP) or Clara cell-specific 10-kDa protein (CC10), is the founding member of the secretoglobin family of small, secreted, disulfide-bridged dimeric proteins found only in mammals. This protein is mainly expressed in lung, with anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated […]

Viral MIP-2 is one of the three chemokine-like proteins expressed by the human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV) and the other is ViMIP-1 and ViMIP-3. Viral MIP-II cDNA encodes a 94 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 23 aa residue signal peptide that is cleaved to yield a 71 aa residue mature […]