The agents of Marijuana that cause various biological effects in humans are called cannabinoid. Cannabinoid is a central nervous stimulant that alters mood and sensory perceptions, produces loss of coordination, impairs short term memory, produces symptoms of anxiety, paranoia, depression, confusion, hallucination, and increased heart rate. Large doses of cannabinoid could cause the development of […]

Benzoylecgonine is the major metabolite of?cocaine. It is formed by hydrolysis of?cocaine?in the liver, catalysed by carboxylesterases. It is excreted in the urine of?cocaine?users after processing in the liver. It is the main pharmaceutical ingredient in the investigational drug Esterom, a topical solution used for the relief of muscle pain that is not FDA approved […]

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are heterocyclic chemical compounds used primarily as antidepressants. The TCAs were first discovered in the early 1950s and were subsequently introduced later in the decade; They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. The tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are a closely related […]

Methadone is a synthetic opioid, used medically as an analgesic and a maintenance anti-addictive for use in patients on opioids. Although chemically unlike morphine or heroin, methadone also acts on the opioid receptors and thus produces many of the same effects.

Amphetamine and its metabolites are central nervous system stimulants whose pharmacological properties include alertness, wakefulness, increased energy, reduced hunger and an overall feeling of well being. Large doses and extended usage can result in higher tolerance levels and physiological dependency. Both d- and l- forms of Amphetamine are controlled substances. Urine based screening tests for […]

Benzodiazepine is the most widely prescribed anxiolytic drug and is used extensively as an anti-anxiety agent, a hypnotic, a muscle relaxant and an anti-convulsant. Benzodiazepine is usually taken orally, or by intravenous or intramuscular injection. High dose abuse of benzodiazepine can result in drowsiness and confusion, and potentiates alcohol and other CNS depressant drugs. Benzodiazepine […]

Oxycodone is knwn as Oxycontin, Roxicodone and is an ingredient of Percodan, Percocet, Roxicet and Tylox. Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opiates derived from opium. Like other opiates, oxycodone is characterized by its analegestic properties, and the tendency for users to form a physical dependency and develop tolerance with extended use. Oxycodone is usually administered in […]

The agents of Marijuana that cause various biological effects in humans are called cannabinoid. Cannabinoid is a central nervous stimulant that alters mood and sensory perceptions, produces loss of coordination, impairs short term memory, produces symptoms of anxiety, paranoia, depression, confusion, hallucination, and increased heart rate. Large doses of cannabinoid could cause the development of […]

(-)-cotinine is an N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. It has a role as a biomarker, an antidepressant, a plant metabolite and a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a member of pyridines, a pyrrolidine alkaloid and […]

Ketamine is a parenterally administered, general anesthetic used largely for short term diagnostic and surgical procedures, but which has been limited in use because of its psychological side effects including vivid hallucinations, agitation and confusion. Ketamine also has major abuse potential and is used illicitly as a recreational drug. Long term ketamine use can cause […]