Robenidine is a coccidiostat. Robenidine is an antibiotic used for the control of coccidiosis, a debilitating protozoal infection in poultry. Although there are alternative antibiotics available, robenidine is important in the management of antibiotic resistance as farmers rotate the use of robenidine with other antibiotics to try to preserve the effectiveness of these products in […]

Closantel is a synthetic anti parasitic agent which is highly effective against liver fluke, bloodsucking nematodes and larval stages of some arthropods in sheep and cattle. Closantel decouples the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to the inhibition of ATP synthesis. That causes a significant change in the energy metabolism, and as a consequence the death […]

Nitrofuran derivatives are used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa in cattle, pigs, poultry and fish . Several countries including the USA, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand and Brazil are reported to have banned all uses of nitrofurans in food producing animals . The ban on nitrofurans was introduced primarily because of […]

Dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide, DNSH) is a toxic metabolite of the antibiotic Nifursol. Nifursol is used in the prevention of histomoniasis in chickens and turkeys. Histomoniasis is potentially fatal disease cause by the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis.

Bambermycins (Flavomycin) is a complex of antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis used as a food additive for poultry and swine. The complex consists mainly of moenomycins A and C. Flavomycin (bambermycins) is a performance enhancing antibiotic intended and available solely for use in animal nutrition. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit the synthesis of […]

Penicillin is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. beta-lactam antibiotics work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall, which results in cytolysis.

Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is an aminoglycoside that kills bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Hygromycin B was originally developed in the 1950s for use with animals and is still added into swine and chicken feed as an anthelmintic or anti-worming agent (product […]

Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is an intermediate and byproduct in glycine synthesis and degradation. Sarcosine is metabolized to glycine by the enzyme sarcosine dehydrogenase, while glycine-N-methyl transferase generates sarcosine from glycine. Sarcosine is a natural amino acid found in muscles and other body tissues. In the laboratory, it may be synthesized from chloroacetic acid […]

Rotenone is a colorless-to-red, odorless solid. In solution it is used as a broad spectrum insecticide that works by inhibiting the transfer of electrons from Fe-S centers in Complex I to ubiquinone (see electron transfer chain). This prevents NADH from being converted into usable cellular energy (ATP). Rotenone is commonly used in powdered form to […]

Pollen allergen Phl p 1 (PhI p 1) causes an allergic reaction in humans.