Hydroxyproline, a non-essential amino acid derived from proline, with no known therapeutic use. Hydroxproline is used as a major component of structural protiens such as collagen, connective tissues, plant cell walls, tendons and ligaments and provides skin elasticity. Vitiman C is required for the conversion process from proline to hydroxyproline, a deficincy in vitiman C […]

Threonine (abbreviated as Thr or T) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(OH)CH3. Its codons are ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG. This essential amino acid is classified as polar. Together with serine, threonine is one of two proteinogenic amino acids bearing an alcohol group (tyrosine is not an alcohol but a phenol, since […]

Also known as thiamine, vitamin B1 plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble and cannot be stored in the body; however, […]

Phenylbutazone is the major metabolite of Phenylbutazone, an NSAID commonly used in horses. In humans, Phenylbutazone is very dangerous, as it”s use can cause aplastic anemia.

Desmethylnaproxen is an anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.

5 Hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) is a metabolite of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Elevated levels of6Hydroxyindole acetic acid may indicate carcinoid tumour, while low levels may be associated with Cockayne Syndrome.

Aminoglycosides are a family of bactericidal antibiotics that are used in the treatment of specific bacterial infections. They display a concentration dependent killing action and are active against a wide range of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Aminoglycosides are molecules that are comprised of an amino group and a sugar group. They operate by inhibiting the bacteria […]