Metformin HCl (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide HCl) decreases hyperglycemia in hepatocytes primarily by suppressing glucose production by the liver (hepatic gluconeogenesis). Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells. Metformin induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells through activating JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and GADD153.

Levofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV inhibitor, used to treat respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and abdominal infections.

Levofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV inhibitor, used to treat respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and abdominal infections.

Fluticasone Propionate (CCI-187881) is a synthetic glucocorticoid, used to treat non-allergic and allergic rhinitis.

Ondansetron (GR 38032F, GR-C507/75,SN 307) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic.

D-cycloserine (RO-1-9213) is an analog of the amino acid D-alanine, used as an antibiotic in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50 of 72 nM.

Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50 of 72 nM.

Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor with IC50 of 72 nM.

Rebamipide (OPC-12759,Proamipide) is a cholecystokinin type 1 (CCK1) receptor inhibitor for inhibiting [125I]BH-CCK-8S with IC50 of 37.7 μM.