Promestriene (3-propyl ethyl, 17B-methyl estradiol) is a synthetic estrogen analog that has been reported to significantly improve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy caused by estrogen deprivation in topical application.

O6-Benzylguanine (O6-BG) is a potent O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) inactivator.

Fludrocortisone (9α-fluorocortisol) is a synthetic pregnane steroid and a halogenated derivative of cortisol. It is used to treat adrenogenital syndrome, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency.

Uniconazole (S 3307D, XE 1019D) is a well known inhibitor of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that prevents the biosynthesis of trans-zeatin. Uniconazole targets CYP735As with Ki of 22 μM.

2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, isolated from the leaves of Impatiens glandulifera, specifically suppressed the expression of PKC βI, δ, and ζ in a concentration-dependent manner in Raji cells.

Mafenide Acetate is a sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and is used as topical anti-infective, especially in burn therapy.

Thimerosal (Thiomersalate, Mercurothiolate) is a well-established antiseptic and antifungal agent and usually used as a preservative in vaccines, immunoglobulin preparations, skin test antigens, antivenins, ophthalmic and nasal products, and tattoo inks. This product is a hazardous chemical (acute toxicity/flammable/skin corrosive). Please use it while wearing a protective face mask, gloves, and clothing.

Syringic acid (NSC 2129, SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. It has potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties.

Methyl Vanillate, one of the ingredients in Hovenia dulcis Thunb, activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and induces osteoblast differentiation in vitro.

(S)-Methylisothiourea sulfate is a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS).