3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Protocatechuic aldehyde) is a phenolic aldehyde, a precursor in vanillin synthesis via biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of chili pepper.

L-Lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed used as a dietary supplement and plays a major role in calcium absorption, building muscle protein, recovering from surgery or sports injuries, and the body’s production of hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

Uric Acid (2,6,8-Trioxypurine, 2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine, 2,6,8-Trioxopurine), a normal component of urine, is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.

Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine and exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly.

Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine and exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly.

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (Methylparaben, Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Nipagin) is an anti-fungal agent often used in a variety of cosmetics, personal-care products and food preservatives.

L-Arabinose (L-Ara) is a plant saccharide that is not found in animals. It is a component of cell wall and may be useful as a natural pharmaceutical.

L-tryprophan is an essential amino acid that acts like a natural mood regulator that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults.

Theophylline-7-acetic acid (Acefylline, acetyloxytheophylline, Carboxymethyltheophylline), acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist, is a stimulant drug of the xanthine chemical class.

L-​Histidine (Glyoxaline-5-alanine) is an α-amino acid needed in humans for growth and tissue repair. It is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.