Schisantherin A (Gomisin C, Schisanwilsonin H, Arisanschinin K) is a dibenzocyclooctadiene that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities. Schisantherin A inhibits p65-NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by IκBα degradation.

Scopoletin (Esculetin 6-methyl ether, Gelseminic acid, 6-Methylesculetin, Chrysatropic acid) is the main bioactive constituent of flower buds from Magnolia fargesii with anti-inflammatory, hypouricemic, and antioxidant activities.

Brassinolide, a plant steroid isolated from Brassica napus pollen, promotes cell elongation and cell devision and thus regulates plant growth and development.

Protopine (Corydinine, Fumarine, Biflorine, Macleyine), an alkaloid present in different plants, has been shown to exhibit a number of activities, such as inhibition of calcium influx through both voltage and receptor-operated channels and inhibition of rabbit blood platelet aggregation. It also possesses anti-cholinergic and anti-histaminic as well as anti-bacterial activities.

Jatrorrhizine (Neprotin, Yatrorizine), one of the active constituents of Coptis chinensis Franch, has multiple bioactivities, such as hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. It is an inhibitor of AChE with IC50 of 872 nM and demonstrates >115-fold selectivity for AChE over BuChE.

Pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene), an organic compound belonging to the phenol family, used as a photographic film developer and in the preparation of other chemicals. It is known to be a superoxide anion generator and ROS inducer.

Quinic acid (Chinic acid, Kinic acid) is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid.

α-L-Rhamnose monohydrate (6-deoxy-L-mannose monohydrate, α-L-Rhamnopyranose monohydrate) is used as a starting material for the production of furanones. It is an important material involved in the reaction of flavors developed during the preparation of various foods like bread, grilled meats, etc.

Astragaloside IV (AST-IV, AS-IV) is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has various effect on the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. AS-IV suppresses activation of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-NF-κB and p-Erk1/2.

Thioctic acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.