Galanthamine (Galantamine, Nivalin, Razadyne, Razadyne ER, Reminyl, Lycoremine) is a phenanthrene alkaloid and a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 of 0.35 μM, exhibits 50-fold selectivity against butyryl-cholinesterase. It is studied as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and other central nervous system disorders.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (Taurochenodeoxycholate, TCDCA, Chenodeoxycholyltaurine), a bile acid formed in the liver of most species, is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Dulcitol (Galactitol, D-Galactitol, Dulcose) is a naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of galactose.

Tetrahydropalmatine (THP, Gindarine, 1-Tetrahydropalmitine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the Corydalis genus (Yan Hu Suo), but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda. It is a potent muscle relaxant. Tetrahydropalmatine hydrochloride acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.

Ethyl ferulate (Ferulic acid ethyl ester) is the alkyl ester derivative of ferulic acid which is a naturally occurring plant product with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiproliferative activities.

Allantoin (Glyoxyldiureide, 5-Ureidohydantoin), produced from uric acid, is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms including animals, plants and bacteria.

4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol, 4-Methylolphenol), an important phenolic constituent of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), has been shown to have many beneficial effects in different animal models of neurological disorders, such as, headaches, convulsive behavior, dizziness, and vertigo.

Lawsone (Hennotannic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a red-orange dye present in the leaves of the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) as well as in the flower of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).

Vanillyl alcohol (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol, Vanillin alcohol, Vanillic alcohol, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol), derived from vanillin, is used to flavor food.

Allicin (Diallyl Thiosulfinate), the main biologically active component of the freshly crushed garlic extracts, possesses various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects., Allicin (Diallyl Thiosulfinate), the main biologically active component of the freshly crushed garlic extracts, possesses various biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic effects.