4-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutanoic acid, GABA, Gamma-aminobutyric acid, Piperidic acid) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter with central nervous system (CNS) inhibitory activity.

2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose), an analog of glucose, is a glycolytic inhibitor with antiviral activity. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose induces apoptosis and inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) receptor expression.

Sarcosine (N-methylglycine, Sarcosinic acid, Methylaminoacetic acid, Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Sarcosine (N-methylglycine, Sarcosinic acid, Methylaminoacetic acid, Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Choline bitartrate (2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium, 2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate) is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods. Choline is necessary for normal liver and kidney function and a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a chemical that facilitates communication between the nerves and muscles.

D-(+)-Cellobiose (Cellobiose, Cellose, Beta-Cellobiose, D-Cellobiose) is a substrate of β-glucosidase.

Vitamin K1 (Phyllohydroquinone, Phylloquinone, Phytomenadione, Phytonadione), made by plants, is a major type of dietary vitamin K, which is well-known for its role in blood clotting. Vitamin K1 is directly involved in photosynthesis.

Saxagliptin H2O (BMS-477118, Onglyza) is a selective and reversible DPP4 inhibitor with IC50 of 26 nM.

Escin (Aescin) is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).

Escin (Aescin) is a mixture of saponins with anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor and vasoprotective effects found in Aesculus hippocastanum(the horse chestnut).