Glycine (2-Aminoacetic acid, Aminoacetic acid, Glycocoll) is a non-essential, non-polar, non-optical, glucogenic amino acid that is primarily found in gelatin and silk fibroin. It is involved in the body’s production of DNA, phospholipids and collagen, and in release of energy.

Saccharin (Benzoic sulfimide, O-Sulfobenzimide, O-Benzoic sulfimide, Saccharimide) is an artificial sweetener with effectively no food energy.

Atenolol (Tenormin, Normiten, Blokium) is a selective β1 receptor antagonist with log Kd values of −6.66±0.05, −5.99±0.14, −4.11±0.07 for binding to the human β1-, β2- and β3-adrenoceptors.

Diatrizoate sodium (Amidotrizoate sodium, Hypaque sodium, Triombrin) is an iodinated radiopaque X-ray contrast medium that is used as a diagnostic aid in angiography, urography and radiography.

L-cysteine Hydrochloride, also known as L-CYSTEINE or Cysteine HCL (anhydrous), is classified as a cysteine or a cysteine derivative that increases glutathione levels and is important for lung and brain function and liver detoxification.

Nilutamide (RU23908) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) with affinity for androgen receptors (but not for progestogen, estrogen, or glucocorticoid receptors). It is used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Ibudilast (KC-404, AV411, MN166) is a relatively non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

Acotiamide Hydrochloride (YM-443, Z-338) is the hydrochloride salt form of acotiamide, a prokinetic agent with gastrointestinal (GI) motility-enhancing activity. It is a new orally active selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Bedaquiline fumarate (TMC-207), an oral diarylquinoline, is a bactericidal antimycobacterial drug. It is a proton-translocating ATP synthetase inhibitor.

Ecabet sodium (TA-2711, TA-2711E) is a widely employed mucoprotective agent for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Ecabet sodium inhibits the ability of Helicobacter pylori to induce neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species and interleukin-8, Ecabet sodium can also reduce apoptosis.