Melezitose (D-Melezitose, (+)-Melezitose, D-melicitose, (+)-melicitose, melicitose) is a nonreducing trisaccharide sugar that is produced by many plant sap eating insects.

Citropten (5,7-Dimethoxycoumarin, Citroptene, Limettin, Limetin) is a natural organic compound which belongs to coumarins and derivatives class.

Neferine ((R)-1,2-Dimethoxyaporphine), a natural component of Nelumbo nucifera, has antitumor efficiency. Neferine induces apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Neferine prevents autophagy through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway and Nrf2 in muscle cells. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation. Neferine possesses a number of therapeutic effects such as anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory and even anti-HIV.

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound, which consists of four pyrrole rings, and is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a heterocyclic organic compound, which consists of four pyrrole rings, and is the final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway.

3-Methylpyrazole (3-MP) is a weak or non-inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase.

1,3,5-Trimethylpyrazole (1,3,5-TMePz; 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazole) is an intermediate product used for chemical synthesis.

Hydroferulic acid (Dihydroferulic acid, Dihydroconiferylic acid) is classified as a member of the phenylpropanoic acids. It is slightly soluble in water and acidic.

D-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast.

Sodium erythorbate (NaE, D-Isoascorbate, Erythorbic acid sodium salt, Araboascorbic acid monosodium salt, Erbit N, Eribate N, Isoascorbate C sodium) is the sodium of erythorbic acid, a highly refined food-grade chemical closely related to vitamin C, synthesized from sugar, and used as a color fixative in preparing cured meats.