N-Acetylornithine is an intermediate in the enzymatic biosynthesis of the amino acid L-arginine from L-glutamate. It is a minor component of deproteinized blood plasma of human blood.

Terpinen-4-ol, a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil and has been shown to have many biological activities such as antifungal properties.,

2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-hydroxybutyrate) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid. It is produced in mammalian tissues (principally hepatic) that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione.

Glycyl-L-valine (H-Gly-Val-OH, Glycylvaline) is a dipeptide composed of glycine and valine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism.

Maltotriose is a trisaccharide consisting of three glucose molecules linked with α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is a common oligosaccharide metabolite found in human urine after maltose ingestion or infusion.

Cyclohexanecarboxamide (Ethyl menthane carboxamide, WS3, Hexahydrobenzamide) is a cooling agent and an agonist at TRPM8 receptors (EC50 = 3.7 μM).

DL-Benzylsuccinic acid (2-benzylbutanedioic acid, Benzylsuccinic acid) is a bacterial xenobiotic metabolite.

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal human metabolite excreted in the urine.

Glycerol trilinoleate (Trilinolein) is a triacylglycerol and has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. It is also an antioxidant.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholyl Glycine, Glycine ursodeoxycholic acid) is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment.