3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (m-Hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3-Hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid) is one of the major metabolites of ingested caffeic acid and of the phenolic degradation products of proanthocyanidins by the microflora in the colon.

Nepsilon-Acetyl-L-lysine is an R-chain N-acetylated α amino acid used together with other lysine analogues to differentiate and characterized various aminoacylases and regulator 2 (Sir2) enzymes/sirtuins.

Phenylacetylglutamine is a product formed by the conjugation of phenylacetate and glutamine. It is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound.

2-Methylhexanoic acid is a flavouring ingredient.

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid is the main metabolite of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, a product of acid-catalyzed degradation of sugars during the heating and storage of foods that influences taste and physiological functions in the body.

8-Aminooctanoic acid is a chemical.

DL-Dopa (3,4-Dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine) is an immediate precursor of dopamine.

6-Dimethylaminopurine (N,N-Dimethyladenine) is a serine threonine protein kinase inhibitor. It inhibits the germinal vesicle breakdown and the meiotic maturation of oocytes.

2-Methylglutaric acid (alpha-Methylglutaric acid) is a metabolite of succinic acid, a citric acid cycle intermediate.

L-Dihydroorotic acid (L-dihydroorotate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of Pyrimidine. It is a substrate for Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial).