4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid is a normal organic acid identified in urine specimens from a healthy population.

Octanoic acid (caprylic acid) is found naturally in the milk of various mammals, and as a minor constituent of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. It is used in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

Bis(2-Methyl-3-furyl) disulfide is a volatile sulfur compound that is a key contributor to the meat-like aroma in cooked meat.

Sodium phytate hydrate (Phytic acid, Dodecasodium phytate, Myo-inositol hexakis, Inositol hexakisphosphate) functions as a storage depot and precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It can be used clinically as a hypocalcemic agent and a complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions.

Undecanedioic acid (1,9-Nonanedicarboxylic acid, Undecanedionate) is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has applications in corrosion inhibitors, hot melt adhesives, high performance polyamides/Nylon, and more.

Nonadecanoic acid (Nonadecylic acid, Nonadecanoate) is a long saturated fatty acid found in ox fats and vegetable oils, and in Staphylococcus. It can be used as a phermone by certain insects.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is an unnatural amino acid serving as an important intermediate in pharmaceutical production.

2-Oxobutanoic acid (2-Oxobutyrate, 2-ketobutyric acid, 2-oxobutyric acid, alpha-ketobutyric acid, α-ketobutyric acid) is a substance that is involved in the metabolism of many amino acids as well as propanoate metabolism and C-5 branched dibasic acid metabolism.

trans-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic Acid ((E)-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic Acid, strawberry acid) has a sweet berry-like aroma and flavor and is widely used in food flavor.

D-3-Phenyllactic acid is a chiral building block that is used in preparation of statine.