Tenuifolin, a secondary saponin isolated from hydrolysates of polygalasaponins, inhibits beta-amyloid synthesis in vitro and has nootropic activity in vivo via acetylcholine esterase inhibition and increases norepinephrine and dopamine production.

Calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside, an isoflavone glycoside isolated from A. mongholicus and A. membranaceus, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective biological activities.

Magnoflorine (Escholin, Thalictrin), an important compound in Aristolochia, was usually used as an anxiolytic chemical. It shows significant antioxidant activity as a DPPH free radical scavenger and inhibits α-tyrosinase.

Corilagin, discovered in many medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus speices etc., has multiple activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, hepatoprotective and others. It is an inhibitor of TNF-α.

10-Gingerol is a bioactive compound found in ginger with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Norisoboldine (Laurelliptine), a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, attenuates ulcerative colitis (UC) and induces the generation of Treg cells.

Nardosinone, isolated from Nardostachys root, an important Chinese herbal medicine, is an enhancer of nerve growth factor and possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, including sedative, adaptogen-like, anti-depressive, anti-leukemic, anti-tumorous, and anti-trypanosomal activities.

Pogostone is one of the secondary metabolites from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Lamiaceae), serving as the effective component of the antimicrobial activity.

Senegenin (Tenuigenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity.

Ligustroflavone (Nuezhenoside), isolated from the leaves of Turpinia montana, shows high antioxidant capacity and is reported to be an AMPK activator.