Madecassoside is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and it is used as a protective agent against cognitive impairment.

Glutathione is a peptide composed of cysteine, glycine, and glutamate. It is believed to enhance the skin’s cellular metabolism and oxygen utilization.

Berberine hydrochloride is an isoqinoline alkaloid shown to have a chemopreventive property against colon tumor formation by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) which is abundantly expressed in colon cancer cells.

Konjac glucomannan is a source of dietary fiber. It can be a thickening and gelling agent in food.

4-Hydroxycoumarin is a plant derived antioxidant, protecting against lipid peroxidation, as well as a potential inhibitor of HIV-1 Integrase. 4-Hydroxycoumarin is an important class of biologically active drugs which is widely used as anticoagulants.

Conalbumin (CA) is a monomeric glycoprotein that makes up approximately 13% of the albumin found in egg white. The iron complex of CA is more stable to chemical and physical treatments when compared to the uncomplexed proteins. At near neutral conditions, urea denaturation of CA modifies but does not destroy the iron complex.

Sodium cholate is a non-denaturing detergent used for membrane protein extraction.