C16-PAF (PAF (C16)), a phospholipid mediator, is a platelet-activating factor and ligand for PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). C16-PAF exhibits anti-apoptotic effect and inhibits caspase-dependent death by activating the PAFR. C16-PAF is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator. C16-PAF induces increased vascular permeability.

α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a synthetic glycolipid with antitumorial and immunostimulatory. α-Galactosylceramide is a very potent NKT cell agonist and binds effectively to CD1d. The complex of α-Galactosylceramide plus CD1d binds the NKT cell TCR (T cell antigen receptor).

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Kainic acid (algakaininso) is a potent neuroexcitatory compound derived from the red alga Digenea simplex, which acts as an agonist for AMPA/kainate-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. It induces excitotoxicity by promoting excessive Ca²⁺ influx, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and selective neuronal death.

Fumarate hydratase-IN-1 is a small molecule cell-permeable inhibitor of fumarate hydratase. It induce alteration of TCA cycle metabolites, modulation of cytosolic processes, and substantial redox stress responses.

Bexotegrast(PLN-74809) is potent dual selective inhibitor of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrins with Kd of 5.7 nM and 3.4 nM, respectively. It has antifibrogenic effects, blocks multiple TGF-β activation pathways in the fibrotic lung, and is useful for researching fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).

Butyrolactone 3 is a non-irreversible inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5, with an IC50 of 100 μM. It selectively targets the Gcn5/PCAF family exhibiting weak inhibition of CBP HAT with an IC50 of 0.5 mM and also inhibits pre-mRNA splicing in vitro before catalysis, with an IC50 of 0.5 mM.

Bexotegrast(PLN-74809) is potent dual selective inhibitor of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrins with Kd of 5.7 nM and 3.4 nM, respectively. It has antifibrogenic effects, blocks multiple TGF-β activation pathways in the fibrotic lung, and is useful for researching fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).