GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates the development of neutrophils and macrophages, and promotes the proliferation and development of early erythroid megakaryocytic and eosinophilic progenitor cells. It is produced in endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes. GM-CSF inhibits neutrophil migration and enhances the functional activity of the mature end-cells. The human and murine […]

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine. It is produced mainly by monocytes and macrophages upon activation by endotoxin, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Human G-CSF is 73% identical at the amino acid level to murine G-CSF and the two proteins show species cross-reactivity. G-CSF receptor was expressed on cardiomyocytes and G-CSF activated the Jak/Stat […]

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a powerful growth and differentiation factor which acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells and also activates differentiated granulocytes and macrophages. The 22 kDa glycosylated GM_x005f_x001E_CSF, similar to IL3 and IL5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices. Mature human GMCSF shares 63%70% amino acid sequence identity with […]

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a powerful growth and differentiation factor which acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells and also activates differentiated granulocytes and macrophages. The 22 kDa glycosylated GM_x005f_x001E_CSF, similar to IL3 and IL5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices. Mature human GMCSF shares 63%70% amino acid sequence identity with […]

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a powerful growth and differentiation factor which acts on hematopoietic progenitor cells and also activates differentiated granulocytes and macrophages. The 22 kDa glycosylated GM_x005f_x001E_CSF, similar to IL3 and IL5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices. Mature human GMCSF shares 63%70% amino acid sequence identity with […]

Fractalkine, designated CX3CL1 and also known as neurotactin, is the only member of the CX3C, or delta, chemokine subfamily. Unlike most other chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type I transmembrane (TM) adhesion protein. Mouse CX3CL1 shares 85% and 78% aa sequence identity with rat and human CX3CL1, respectively, within the chemokine domain, but lower sequence identity […]

CX3CL1, also named neurotactin, is a novel chemokine identified through bioinformatics. CX3CL1 has a unique C-X3-C cysteine motif near the amino-terminus and is the first member of a fourth branch of the chemokine superfamily. Unlike other known chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type 1 membrane protein containing a chemokine domain tethered on a long mucin-like stalk. […]

CX3CL1, also named neurotactin, is a member of the delta chemokine subfamily that contains a novel C-X3-C motif. Unlike other known chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type 1 membrane protein containing a chemokine domain tethered on a long mucin-like stalk. The extracellular domain of CX3CL1 can potentially be released as a soluble protein by proteolysis at […]

Lymphotactin (Lptn) and its human homologue (also named human SCM-1 and ATAC) belong to the C or gamma subfamily of chemokines. The C chemokines lack two (the 1st and 3rd) of the four invariant cysteine residues normally found in the CC and CXC chemokines and have an extended carboxy terminus. The expression of lymphotactin is […]

Human lymphotactin (Lptn)/XCL1 (also named human SCM-1 alpha and ATAC) and its mouse homologue belong to the C or gamma subfamily of chemokines. The C chemokines lack two (the 1st and 3rd ) of the four invariant cysteine residues normally found in the CC and CXC chemokines and have an extended carboxy terminus. Human lymphotactin […]