Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, provides protection against Dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of Ryanodine Receptor Channels.

Gypenoside XLVI is one of the major dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from Gynostamma pentaphallum. Gypenoside XLVI has a tetracyclic triterpene structure and possess potent non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell inhibitory activity.

Andrograpanin, a bioactive compound from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious properties.

Juglanin, a occurring flavonoid that can be isolated from crude Polygonum aviculare, is a JNK acticator, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. Juglanin can induce apoptosis and autophagy on human breast cancer cells.

Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling. Tomatidine activates autophagy either in mammal cells or C elegans.

Tribuloside is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. Tribuloside exhibits anti-mycobacterial activity against the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium species with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.0 mg/mL. Tribuloside has 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.

4-Allylcatechol (4-Allylpyrocatechol) is a xylan isolated from the root of Piper taiwanense. 4-Allylcatechol has a strong inhibitory activity against collagen-induced platelet aggregation (IC50=5.3 μM). In addition, 4-Allylcatechol has anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MIC=27.6 μg/mL).

Rehmannioside A is a neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A can inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from microglia and promote M2 polarization in vitro, thereby protecting co-cultured neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Rehmannioside A can be used in spinal cord injury research.

3-Acetyl-beta-boswellic acid is a boswellic acid isolated from Boswellia serrata gum resin.

Smilagenin (SMI) is a small-molecule steroidal sapogenin from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Pelargonium hortorum widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic neurodegeneration diseases. Smilagenin (SMI) improves memory of aged rats by increasing the muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1)-receptor density.Smilagenin (SMI) attenuates Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegenerationvia stimulating the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, may represents a […]