The cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), also known as Flt-3 Ligand, is an important regulator of hematopoiesis. Its receptor, Flt3, is expressed on myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic cell progenitors and is considered an important growth and differentiation factor for several hematopoietic lineages. Activating mutations of Flt3 are frequently found in acute myeloid leukemia […]

Neuropoietin (NP, also known as cardiotrophin-2) is a 19.7 kDa member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Considered to be the product of a gene duplication event involving cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), it helps to define a subfamily within the IL-6 family that includes CT-1, CLC and CTNF. Mouse neuropoietin is synthesized as a 204 amino acid […]

GMF-beta belongs to the actin-binding ADF/cofilin protein family. It contains an ADF-H domain, but the research of crystallography and NMR reveals that there are structures different between human and mouse ADF-H domain. It was initially identified as a growth gamma differentiation factor that acts on neurons and glia. It has also been shown to function […]

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like cytokine originally characterized by its ability to promote the activation of B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Both mouse TSLP and IL-7 can co-stimulate growth of thymocytes and mature T cells, and support B lymphopoiesis in long-term cultures of fetal liver cells and bone-marrow cells. Whereas […]

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent, mesenchymal-derived mitogen of mature parenchymal hepatocytes and acts as a growth factor for a wide range of tissues and cell types.HGF signals through the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor of the MET.The functions of HGF include the induction of cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis, inhibition of cell growth, and the […]

Vitronectin (VTN) is a glycoprotein that is involved in cell adhesion, migration, and survival. It is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in processes such as blood coagulation, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. VTN also has potential therapeutic applications for diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein. Dkk antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an […]

Amphiregulin is an EGF related growth factor that signals through the EGF/TGF-α receptor, and stimulates growth of keratinocytes, epithelial cells and some fibroblasts. Amphiregulin also inhibits the growth of certain carcinoma cell lines. Synthesized as a transmembrane protein, Amphiregulin’s extracellular domain is proteolytically processed to release the mature protein. There are 6 conserved cysteine residues, […]

Wnt-3a belongs to the Wnt family of signaling proteins, which plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of embryonic and adult tissues.The Wnt family is highly conserved and cysteine-rich.The Wnt signaling pathway can be divided into classical and non-classical pathways, and is involved in the β-catenin-mediated classical signaling pathway, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, […]