PlGF-2 is an angiogenic factor that belongs to the cysteine-knot superfamily of growth factors. PlGF-2 is expressed in umbilical vein endothelial cells and placenta. It signals through the VEGFR-1/FLT1 receptor, and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration. PlGF-2 also signals through Neuropilin (NP-1), and can bind with high affinity to heparin. Recombinant Human PlGF-2 is […]

Neuregulin 1 or NRG1 is one of four proteins in the neuregulin family that act on the EGFR family of receptors. Nrg-1 has been shown to encode more than 14 soluble or transmembrane proteins. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms can be proteolytically cleaved to release soluble growth factors. All NRG1 isoforms contain […]

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is encoded by the SERPINF1 gene in humans and found in verebrates. It is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein that belongs to the clade F subfamily, serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors. The PEDF is a noninhibitory serpin with neurotrophic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumorigenic properties. It is synthesized as a 418 a.a. about 50kDa precursor […]

Noggin is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist expressed in Spemann’s organizer. It inhibits TGF-β family ligands and preventing them from binding to their corresponding receptors. Noggin was originally found as a BMP-4 antagonist, and then has been shown to modulate the activities of other BMPs (BMP-2, 7, 13 and 14). Noggin is very highly […]

The neuregulin family of structurally related glycoproteins comprises products from four distinct but related genes, Nrg-1, Nrg-2, Nrg-3, and Nrg-4. Through alternative splicing or the use of alternative promoters, Nrg-1 has been shown to encode more than 14 soluble or transmembrane proteins. The extracellular domain of the transmembrane NRG1 isoforms can be proteolytically cleaved to […]

Noggin is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist expressed in Spemann’s organizer. It inhibits TGF-β family ligands and preventing them from binding to their corresponding receptors.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF or MMIF), also named as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase, is a protein encoded by the MIF gene. It is released from white blood cells by bacterial antigen stimulation to trigger an acute immune response, or by glucocorticoids to counter-act the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on immune […]

Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a secreted protein without a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non-classical pathway. It is secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.tuberculosis antigens. MIF consists of two α-helices and six β-strands, four of which form a β-sheet. The two remaining β-strands interact […]

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF or MMIF), also named as glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF), L-dopachrome isomerase, or phenylpyruvate tautomerase, is a protein encoded by the MIF gene. It is released from white blood cells by bacterial antigen stimulation to trigger an acute immune response, or by glucocorticoids to counter-act the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on immune […]

Neuropoietin (NP, also known as cardiotrophin-2) is a 19.7 kDa member of the IL-6 family of cytokines. Considered to be the product of a gene duplication event involving cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), it helps to define a subfamily within the IL-6 family that includes CT-1, CLC and CTNF. Mouse neuropoietin is synthesized as a 204 amino acid […]