Mal-β-CD is a cellular cholesterol modifier which can form soluble inclusion complex with cholesterol.

Meldonium (MET-88) dihydrate functions as a cardioprotective agent by cpmpetetively inhibiting γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2). Mildronate dihydrate exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Meldonium dihydrate is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor.

HCGRP-(8-37) is a human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) fragment and also an antagonist of CGRP receptor.

Osteogenic Growth Peptide, OGP is a short, naturally occurring 14-mer growth factor peptide found in serum at μM concentrations.

5-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes.

L-Homocysteine, an amino acid, is a homocysteine that has L configuration. Homocysteine is an essential intermediate in normal mammalian metabolism of methionine. L-Homocysteine induces upregulation of Cathepsin V that mediates vascular endothelial inflammation in hyperhomocysteinaemia.

D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.

Vasopressin (Pituitrin) is a neuropeptide that enhances ACTH secretion by potentiating CRH signaling in the pituitary through V1b receptors coupled to calcium–phospholipid pathways. During chronic stress, vasopressin acts as a crucial regulator of the HPA axis, maintaining corticotroph responsiveness and ACTH release even in the presence of elevated glucocorticoid levels.

NPPB is a blocker of the outwardly rectifying chloride channel (ORCC).

Lasalocid sodium (Lasalocid-A sodium) is an antibacterial agent.