Human High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), previously known as HMG-1 or amphoterin, is a member of the high mobility group box family of non-histone chromosomal proteins. Human HMGB1 is expressed as a 30 kDa, 215 amino acid (a.a.) single chain polypeptide containing three domains: two N-terminal globular, 70 a.a. positively charged DNA-binding domains (HMG […]

Members of Lipocalin family share a highly conserved fold with an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel, and act as a transporters, carrying small molecules to specific cells. Lipocalin-2, also known as Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified as a component of neutrophil granules. It is a 25 kDa protein existing in monomeric and homo- and […]

The hedgehog (hh) gene encoding a secreted protein was originally identified in Drosophila as a segment polarity gene. The vertebrate homologues of Hh comprise several proteins including sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh). Hedgehog proteins are important signaling molecules during embryonic development and are highly conserved within and across species. Mouse […]

Galectin-1, a polypeptidic factor that can have major effects on cell growth and apoptosis, is an important regulator of leukocyte function and tumor angiogenesis. Galectin-1 belongs to a family of 15 structurally related β-galactoside binding proteins that are able to control a variety of cellular events, including cell cycle regulation, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis. Human […]

Galectin-3, is classified as a chimeric member of the Galectin superfamily. Nuclear Galectin-3 can modulate gene expression, while cytosolic Galectin-3 can inhibit apoptosis. Galectin-3 contributes to the innate immune response against Candida albicans and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and it can facilitate acute inflammatory responses via neutrophil activation and opsonization, macrophage recruitment, and mast cell activation.

Fatty acid binding protein-6 (FABP6), also known as ileal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP) and gastrotropin, is a 15 kDa cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the FABP family. It is expressed in ileal epithelium and multiple other tissues. Alternate transcription promoters generate two transcript variants, encoding a 128 aa and a 177 aa residue protein. […]

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) are small cytoplasmic lipid binding proteins that are expressed in a tissue specific manner and are involved in intracellular lipid transport. All FABPs bind free fatty acids, cholesterol, and retinoids, which differ in their selectivity, affinity and binding mechanism (1). Circulating FABP levels are used as indicators of tissue damage. […]

Fatty acid binding protein-3 (FABP3; also named Fatty acid binding protein 11, FABP11, H- or M- (heart or muscle) FABP, Mammary derived growth inhibitor, or MDGI) is a member of a large superfamily of lipid binding proteins that are expressed in a tissue specific manner. FABP3 is one of ten cytoplasmic FABPs that are 14-15 […]

Fatty acid binding protein-2 (FABP-2; also named I- or intestinal FABP) is a member of a large superfamily of lipid binding proteins that are expressed in a tissue specific manner. FABP-2 is one of nine cytoplasmic FABPs that are 14-15 kDa in size and range from 126-134 amino acids (aa) in length. Although all are […]

Epigen is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. It is produced in several tissues, including the testis, liver, and heart, as well as in certain tumor cells. Epigen is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human Epigen is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 14.7 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is […]