Isosilybin A is a flavonolignan isolated from silymarin that exhibits anti-prostate cancer (PCA) efficacy with an IC50 of 32 μM in DU145 cells. It induces growth inhibition, G1 arrest, and apoptosis in PCA cells by targeting the Akt-NF-κB-AR axis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent in clinical prostate cancer (PCA) management.

(+)-Afzelechin, isolated from rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata, is an alpha-glucosidase activity inhibitor with an ID50 (50% inhibition dose) value of 0.13 mM. (+)-Afzelechin can delay the absorption of carbohydrates in food to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions.

Moracin D is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Morus alba. Moracin D induces cell apoptosis and shows hypoglycemic, antiadipogenic, antifungal and antitumor effects. Moracin D can be used for fungal infection and breast cancer research.

Phaseollin is an isoflavonoid phytoalexin that can be isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris . Phaseollin is toxic to bean hypocotyl and endocarp cells, and causes a complete lysis of sheep erythrocytes.

Nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) is formed from nicotinic acid (NA) via the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in the biosynthesis of NAD+. Nicotinate mononucleotide is a substrate for nicotinamide mononucleotide/Nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase.

(2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin is the most efficient compound in forebrain. (2S)-6-Prenylnaringenin acts as a GABAA positive allosteric modulator at α+β- binding interface.

2’-C-Methyladenosine is an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, with an IC50 of 0.3 µM in Huh-7 cells. It is converted intracellularly to its triphosphate form (2’-C-methyladenosine triphosphate), which acts as a chain terminator and directly inhibits the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) with an IC50 of 1.9 µM in enzymatic assays.

Sisunatovir (RV521), an orally available inhibitor of the RSV protein, exhibits potent efficacy against a panel of clinical isolates of RSV-A and RSV-B viruses, with IC50s of 1.4 nM and 1.0 nM, respectively.

Inolitazone dihydrochloride (Efatutazone dihydrochloride) is a novel high-affinity PPARγ agonist that is dependent upon PPARγ for its biological activity with IC50 of 0.8 nM for growth inhibition.