Recent advances in high-resolution sequencing have led to the discovery of unique peptides derived from mitochondrial genome. 1-2 Currently 8 peptides are identified: humanin, mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S tRNA-c (MOTS-c), and six small humanin-like peptides (SHLP1-6). 1-2 All of these peptides are released into cytosol from mitochondria. SHLP4 may promote cell proliferation in certain cells and could be involved in reduced apoptosis. 1-2