Until recently, Vancomycin was one of the most powerful antibiotics that no bacterial cell had resistance to. Vancomycin is a very successful glycopeptide antibiotic, attacking the D alanyl D alanine component of the cell wall. By binding to the D alanyl D alanine component, Vancomycin is able to interrupt the normal cell wall formation. However, recently cells have achieved resistance to vancomycin. The reason that the resistance is so effective is that these cells have modified the D alanyl D alanine components of the cell wall into D alanyl D lactate components. Although this may sound easy, the actual process involves a series of five or more genes.