ISX9 promotes neurogenesis in vivo enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal subgranular zone neuroblasts and enhances memory. Induces robust neuronal differentiation in adult neural stem cells. Increases insulin production by pancreatic β cells. Blocks malignant astrocyte proliferation, downregulates their astrocyte character, induces reentry into the cell cycle and upregulates neuronal gene expression.