Saccharin is an orally active, non-caloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). Saccharin has bacteriostatic and microbiome-modulating properties.In Vitro: In vitro, saccharin (0.5, 2.5, 5 mM) inhibits bacterial growth in a species-dependent manner.In Vivo: In vivo, saccharin (oral; 5 mg/kg; twice a day) intake reduces fecal bacterial load and alters microbiome composition, while the intestinal barrier is not obviously affected in male C57BL/6JRj wild type (wt) mice.