Paxilline, an indole alkaloid mycotoxin derived from Penicillium paxilli, potently inhibits the BK channel by exerting its effects through direct channel inhibition. Additionally, Paxilline also functions as an inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA), with IC50 values ranging from 5 μM-50 μM, depending on the SERCA isoform. Paxilline also possesses significant anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects.