Neoechinulin A, a natural product isolated and purified from Aspergillus chevalieri with anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, may block the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecule p38, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1) and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and p50 subunits, and ameliorate rotenone toxicity by activating a cytoprotective machinery that requires ATP and antioxidant/anti-nitration activities.