Citicoline Sodium is an essential component of cell membrane phospholipids. Citicoline (CDP-choline or cytidinediphosphate choline; cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine) is a complex organic molecule composed of ribose, pyrophosphate, cytosine and choline. Citicoline is very water soluble and has a bioavailability of greater than 90%. Citicoline presented no mitogenic and chemotactic effects on hCMEC/D3; however, it significantly increased wound recovery, spheroid sprouting and strongly induced endothelial tube-like structure formation in Matrigel. Citicoline induced the expression of phospho-extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. It protects hCMEC/D3 against cell damage/apoptosis. Citicoline induces angiogenesis and improves survival of human brain microvessel endothelial cells through pathways involving p-ERK1/2, and IRS-1.