NUCC-390 dihydrochloride is a novel and selective small-molecule?CXCR4 receptor?agonist. NUCC-390 dihydrochloride induces internalization of CXCR4 receptors and acts in an opposite way of AMD3100 (HY-10046). NUCC-390 dihydrochloride promotes nerve recovery of function after neurodegeneration in vivo[2].In Vitro:NUCC-390 dihydrochloride (10 μM) produces strong (Ca)i response, but this effect can be blocked by the known potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100.NUCC-390 dihydrochloride (10 μM; pre-treatment 30 mins) leads to increased levels of pERK, it has the capability of stimulating signaling activity downstream of CXCR4 receptors.NUCC-390 dihydrochloride (10 μM; 2 hours) can induce CXCR4 receptor internalization, and non-treated cells exhibit some diffuse expression of CXCR4-YFP throughout the cytosol and clear expression in the cell membrane in HEK cells.NUCC-390 dihydrochloride (0-1.25 μM; 24 hours) boosts axonal growth in cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) via CXCR4[2].In Vivo:NUCC-390 dihydrochloride (hind limb injection; 3.2 mg/kg; twice daily; 3 days) contributes to the functional and anatomical recovery of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) following an acute nerve terminal damage by α-LTx in CD-1 mice[2].